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Classification and host plants
Class: Insects
Order: Rincoti
Suborder: Homoptera
Family: Cycadellidae
Genus: Empoasca
Species: E. vitis (flavescens) Goethe
Host plants: Vine, various fruit trees, forest and ornamental plants.
Identification and damage
In July-August, on red vines, the leaves of the lower part of the stump have red spots with acute angles (mosaic) limited by the ribs of the edge of the leaf. Later, a triple coloring of the leaf is detected: brown-red on the edges, often crumpled, more internal red mosaic spots, the central part of the leaf that remains green like the petiole. On white vines, the spots remain yellow. The species occupies the lower page of the leaf, where light green nymphs tending slightly to reddish, or light green nymphs and adults, the latter of about 3 mm, can be observed. The youth stages, if disturbed, move walking sideways. On the underside of the leaf there are numerous exuviae (mute residue). The appearance of damage depends on the number of buzzers per leaf, the time and duration of the attack, the state of the plant and weather conditions. Long periods of good weather favor the manifestation of symptoms while long rainy periods reduce it.
Biological cycle
The green buzzer winters in the female stage on resinous plants (pines, junipers), and also on plants such as brambles that do not lose their winter leaves. At the vegetative restart, the females migrate on the vine where they begin to lay their eggs in the veins of the leaves. The first nymphs appear in late May and early June. The development of the insect, which takes 3 weeks to reach the adult stage, includes 5 stages (2 of nymphs and 3 of nymphs). Immature forms prick the young secondary ribs to feed. Almost mature nymphs and adults prefer the center of the flap, sometimes the petiole or buds. The immature forms of the second generation can be observed starting from the first fortnight of July while the adults appear in August. A third partial generation is rare in northern climates but usual in southern climates. The buzzers abandon the vine in September-October to winter on resinous plants.
Green buzzer - Empoasca vitis (flavescens) (Goethe) (photo www.inra.fr)
Green Buzzer female (photo www.wildaboutbritain.co.uk)
Fight
As an agronomic practice, high topping, which retains a greater leaf surface, can compensate for the damage of the buzzers. The chemical struggle is applied at the moment of maximum presence of young people in the first and / or second generation. It is possible to carry out in first generation a Different levels of buzzer attack on Merlot in July / August. The parts necrosed at the edge of the leaf, the brown-red mosaic areas and the center of the green leaf are typical of this type of damage. Not to be confused with magnesium deficiency! Green buzzers captured on a yellow chromotropic trap. Natural size approx. 3 mm. Yellow trap in a vineyard with natural grassing. At the beginning of the vegetation, the grassy parcels have weaker flights than those worked or in non-cultivation.
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